机械处理。

Mechanical processing.

主要包括抛丸法和喷丸法。抛丸清理是利用离心力使弹丸加速，抛向工件除锈的方法。但抛丸的灵活性较差，且受场地限制，因此在清理工件时存在一定的盲目性，容易在工件内表面产生无法清理的盲点。设备结构复杂，易损件多，尤其是叶片等零部件磨损快，维修时间多，利用率高，一次性投资大。

Mainly including shot blasting method and shot blasting method. Shot blasting cleaning is a method of using centrifugal force to accelerate the projectile and remove rust from the workpiece. However, the flexibility of shot blasting is poor and limited by the site, so there is a certain degree of blindness when cleaning the workpiece, which can easily create blind spots on the inner surface of the workpiece that cannot be cleaned. The equipment structure is complex, with many vulnerable parts, especially the blades and other components, which wear out quickly, require a lot of maintenance time, have a high utilization rate, and require a large one-time investment.

化学处理。

Chemical treatment.

酸性或碱性溶液主要用于与工件表面的氧化物和油污发生化学反应，使其溶解在酸性或碱性溶液中，从而达到去除工件表面锈垢和油污的目的。化学处理适用于清洗薄板。

Acidic or alkaline solutions are mainly used to chemically react with oxides and oil stains on the surface of workpieces, dissolve them in acidic or alkaline solutions, and thus achieve the purpose of removing rust and oil stains on the surface of workpieces. Chemical treatment is suitable for cleaning thin plates.

但是这种方法也有缺点，就是如果时间控制不好，即使加入缓蚀剂，也会腐蚀钢材。对于结构复杂的零件和有孔的零件，用酸液酸洗后，浸泡在缝隙或孔中的残留酸很难完全。如果处理不当，会成为零件未来腐蚀的隐患，而且化学品易挥发，成本高。处理后的化学物质排放困难。如果处理不当，会对环境造成严重污染。随着人们意识的进步，这种处理方式正在被机械处理所取代。

However, this method also has its drawbacks, which is that if the time control is not good, even if corrosion inhibitors are added, they will corrode the steel. For parts with complex structures and holes, it is difficult to completely remove residual acid soaked in gaps or holes after acid washing. If not handled properly, it can become a potential corrosion hazard for the parts in the future, and chemicals are prone to volatilization and have high costs. Difficulty in discharging processed chemicals. If not handled properly, it can cause serious pollution to the environment. With the advancement of people's environmental awareness, this treatment method is being replaced by mechanical treatment.

手工处理。

Manual processing.

工件表面的铁锈和氧化皮可以用刮刀、钢丝刷或砂轮手工，但手工加工劳动强度大，生产效率低，质量差，清洗不彻底。

The rust and oxide scale on the surface of the workpiece can be manually removed with a scraper, wire brush, or grinding wheel, but manual processing is labor-intensive, has low production efficiency, poor quality, and incomplete cleaning.

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